IEA §162 → BSA §165
Production of documents. Translation of documents
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Comparison
162. Production of documents. –– A witness summoned to produce a document shall, if it is in his possession or power, bring it to Court, notwithstanding any objection which there may be to its production or to its admissibility. The validity of any such objection shall be decided on by the Court. The Court, if it sees fit, may inspect the document, unless it refers to matters of State, or take other evidence to enable it to determine on its admissibility. Translation of documents. ––If for such a purpose it is necessary to cause any document to be translated, the Court may, if it thinks fit, direct the translator to keep the contents secret, unless the document is to be given in evidence and, if the interpreter disobeys such direction, he shall be held to have committed an offence under section 166 of the Indian Penal Code (45 of 1860).
165. (1)Awitness summoned to produce a document shall, if it is in his possession or power, bring it to Court, notwithstanding any objection which there may be to its production or to its admissibility: Provided that the validity of any such objection shall be decided on by the Court.
(2) The Court, if it sees fit, may inspect the document, unless it refers to matters of State, or take other evidence to enable it to determine on its admissibility.
(3) If for such a purpose it is necessary to cause any document to be translated, the Court may, if it thinks fit, direct the translator to keep the contents secret, unless the document is to be given in evidence and, if the interpreter disobeys such direction, he shall be held to have committed an offence under section 198 of the Bharatiya Nyaya Sanhita, 2023: Provided that no Court shall require any communication between the Ministers and the President of India to be produced before it.
What changedAI-inferred
Production of documents.
Old position
IEA 162 is concerned with Production of documents. Translation of documents. Production of documents
New position
BSA 168 preserves the framework with drafting modernisations as required by the new code. Topic: The Judge may, in order to discover or obtain proof of relevant.. The Judge may, in order to discover or obtain proof of relevant facts, ask any question he considers necessary, in any form, at any time, of any witness, or of the parties about any fact; and may order the production of any document or
BSA 168 (The Judge may, in order to discover or obtain proof of relevant.) preserves the framework of IEA 162. BSA 168 retains the operative provisions in substantively the same form, with drafting modernisation and structural updates as required by the new code. BSA 168 text: The Judge may, in...
Editorial deltaAI-indicated (source-linked)
BSA-165 reproduces the operative content of IEA-162 (Production of documents. Translation of documents) with text-overlap 0.82 on the supplied bare-act extracts. The original PRS-chart-based pairing (BSA-168) appears to have been a parsing artifact: text-comparison shows that destination has a different topic. The corrected pairing reflects the actual section-content correspondence. Cross-references may need to be remapped per locked doctrine #11.
Transitional note (repeal & savings)
For matters initiated before 1 July 2024, IEA 162 continues to apply. For matters from that date forward, BSA 168 applies. The transition is governed by the repeal-and-savings clause in the new code (BNS 358 / BNSS 531 / BSA 170 as the case may be); pending proceedings under the old code carry forward unaffected.
Frequently asked
BSA 168 (The Judge may, in order to discover or obtain proof of relevant.). The relationship is classified as substantively_same — see the change-note above for the textual delta.
Sources
- India Code — Indian Evidence Act, 1872
- Gazette of India — Bharatiya Sakshya Adhiniyam, 2023
Cite this page
Newlaws.in, IEA §162 → BSA §165 Mapping Page, last updated 2026-05-01, accessed 2026-06-14, https://newlaws.in/iea/162.
Compiled using AI-assisted tools · Source-linked · Last updated 2026-05-01
Not legal advice. Verify against the bare act and consult a qualified advocate for any specific matter.