IEA §22 → BSA §21
When oral admissions as to contents of documents are relevant
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Comparison
22. When oral admissions as to contents of documents are relevant.––Oral admissions as to the contents of a document are not relevant, unless and until the party proposing to prove them shows that he is entitled to give secondary evidence of the contents of such document under the rules hereinafter contained, or unless the genuineness of a document produced is in question.
21. In civil cases no admission is relevant, if it is made either upon an express condition that evidence of it is not to be given, or under circumstances from which the Court can infer that the parties agreed together that evidence of it should not be given. Explanation.—Nothing in this section shall be taken to exempt any advocate from giving evidence of any matter of which he may be compelled to give evidence under sub-sections
(1) and
(2) of section 132.
What changedAI-inferred
When oral admissions as to contents of documents are relevant.
Old position
IEA 22 is concerned with When oral admissions as to contents of documents are relevant. When oral admissions as to contents of documents are relevant
New position
BSA 21 preserves the framework with drafting modernisations as required by the new code. Topic: In civil cases no admission is relevant, if it is made either upon an.... In civil cases no admission is relevant, if it is made either upon an express condition that evidence of it is not to be given, or under circumstances from which the Court can infer that the parties agreed together that evidence of it
BSA 21 (In civil cases no admission is relevant, if it is made either upon an...) preserves the framework of IEA 22. BSA 21 retains the operative provisions in substantively the same form, with drafting modernisation and structural updates as required by the new code. BSA 21 text: In civil...
Editorial deltaAI-indicated (source-linked)
BSA 21 (In civil cases no admission is relevant, if it is made either upon an...) preserves the framework of IEA 22. BSA 21 retains the operative provisions in substantively the same form, with drafting modernisation and structural updates as required by the new code.
BSA 21 text: In civil cases no admission is relevant, if it is made either upon an express condition that evidence of it is not to be given, or under circumstances from which the Court can infer that the parties agreed together that evidence of it should not be given. Explanation.—Nothing in this section shall be taken to exempt...
Transitional note (repeal & savings)
For matters initiated before 1 July 2024, IEA 22 continues to apply. For matters from that date forward, BSA 21 applies. The transition is governed by the repeal-and-savings clause in the new code (BNS 358 / BNSS 531 / BSA 170 as the case may be); pending proceedings under the old code carry forward unaffected.
Frequently asked
BSA 21 (In civil cases no admission is relevant, if it is made either upon an...). The relationship is classified as substantively_same — see the change-note above for the textual delta.
Sources
- India Code — Indian Evidence Act, 1872
- Gazette of India — Bharatiya Sakshya Adhiniyam, 2023
Cite this page
Newlaws.in, IEA §22 → BSA §21 Mapping Page, last updated 2026-05-01, accessed 2026-06-15, https://newlaws.in/iea/22.
Compiled using AI-assisted tools · Source-linked · Last updated 2026-05-01
Not legal advice. Verify against the bare act and consult a qualified advocate for any specific matter.