IPC §197 → BNS §234
Issuing or signing false certificate
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Comparison
197. Issuing or signing false certificate.—Whoever issues or signs any certificate required by law to be given or signed, or relating to any fact of which such certificate is by law admissible in evidence, knowing or believing that such certificate is false in any material point, shall be punished in the same manner as if he gave false evidence.
Whoever issues or signs any certificate required by law to be given or signed, or relating to any fact of which such certificate is by law admissible in evidence, knowing or believing that such certificate is false in any material point, shall be punished in the same manner as if he gave false evidence.
What changedAI-inferred
IPC 197 (issuing or signing a certificate required by law and known to be false in any material point; punishment as if false evidence given) is preserved character-identically as BNS 234.
Old position
IPC 197 is concerned with Issuing or signing false certificate. Issuing or signing false certificate
New position
BNS 234 preserves the framework with drafting modernisations as required by the new code. Topic: Issuing or signing false certificate. Whoever issues or signs any certificate required by law to be given or signed, or relating to any fact of which such certificate is by law admissible in evidence, knowing or believing that such certificate is false in any material point,
IPC 197 (issuing or signing a certificate required by law and known to be false in any material point; punishment as if false evidence given) is preserved character-identically as BNS 234.
Editorial deltaAI-indicated (source-linked)
IPC 197 (issuing or signing a certificate required by law and known to be false in any material point; punishment as if false evidence given) is preserved character-identically as BNS 234.
Transitional note (repeal & savings)
For matters initiated before 1 July 2024, IPC 197 continues to apply. For matters from that date forward, BNS 234 applies. The transition is governed by the repeal-and-savings clause in the new code (BNS 358 / BNSS 531 / BSA 170 as the case may be); pending proceedings under the old code carry forward unaffected.
Frequently asked
BNS 234 (Issuing or signing false certificate). The relationship is classified as substantively_same — see the change-note above for the textual delta.
Sources
- India Code — Indian Penal Code, 1860
- Gazette of India — Bharatiya Nyaya Sanhita, 2023
Cite this page
Newlaws.in, IPC §197 → BNS §234 Mapping Page, last updated 2026-05-01, accessed 2026-06-12, https://newlaws.in/ipc/197.
Compiled using AI-assisted tools · Source-linked · Last updated 2026-05-01
Not legal advice. Verify against the bare act and consult a qualified advocate for any specific matter.