IPC §422 → BNS §321
Dishonestly or fraudulently preventing debt being available for creditors
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Comparison
422. Dishonestly or fraudulently preventing debt being available for creditors.—Whoever dishonestly or fraudulently prevents any debt or demand due to himself or to any other person from being made available according to law for payment of his debts or the debts of such other person, shall be punished with imprisonment of either description for a term which may extend to two years, or with fine, or with both.
Whoever dishonestly or fraudulently prevents any debt or demand due to himself or to any other person from being made available according to law for payment of his debts or the debts of such other person, shall be punished with imprisonment of either description for a term which may extend to two years, or with fine, or with both.
What changedAI-inferred
IPC 422 character-identical to BNS 321.
Old position
IPC 422 is concerned with Dishonestly or fraudulently preventing debt being available for creditors. Dishonestly or fraudulently preventing debt being available for creditors
New position
BNS 321 preserves the framework with drafting modernisations as required by the new code. Topic: Dishonestly or fraudulently preventing debt being available for creditors. Whoever dishonestly or fraudulently prevents any debt or demand due to himself or to any other person from being made available according to law for payment of his debts or the debts of such other person, shall be punished with
BNS 321 (Dishonestly or fraudulently preventing debt being available for creditors) preserves the framework of IPC 422. BNS 321 retains the operative provisions in substantively the same form, with drafting modernisation and structural updates as required by the new code. BNS 321 text: Whoever...
Editorial deltaAI-indicated (source-linked)
BNS 321 (Dishonestly or fraudulently preventing debt being available for creditors) preserves the framework of IPC 422. BNS 321 retains the operative provisions in substantively the same form, with drafting modernisation and structural updates as required by the new code.
BNS 321 text: Whoever dishonestly or fraudulently prevents any debt or demand due to himself or to any other person from being made available according to law for payment of his debts or the debts of such other person, shall be punished with imprisonment of either description for a term which may extend to two years, or with fine,...
Transitional note (repeal & savings)
For matters initiated before 1 July 2024, IPC 422 continues to apply. For matters from that date forward, BNS 321 applies. The transition is governed by the repeal-and-savings clause in the new code (BNS 358 / BNSS 531 / BSA 170 as the case may be); pending proceedings under the old code carry forward unaffected.
Frequently asked
BNS 321 (Dishonestly or fraudulently preventing debt being available for creditors). The relationship is classified as substantively_same — see the change-note above for the textual delta.
Sources
- India Code — Indian Penal Code, 1860
- Gazette of India — Bharatiya Nyaya Sanhita, 2023
Cite this page
Newlaws.in, IPC §422 → BNS §321 Mapping Page, last updated 2026-05-01, accessed 2026-06-12, https://newlaws.in/ipc/422.
Compiled using AI-assisted tools · Source-linked · Last updated 2026-05-01
Not legal advice. Verify against the bare act and consult a qualified advocate for any specific matter.