IPC §91 → BNS §29
Exclusion of acts which are offences independently of harm caused
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Comparison
91. Exclusion of acts which are offences independently of harm cause.—The exceptions in sections 87, 88 and 89 do not extend to acts which are offences independently of any harm which they may cause, or be intended to cause, or be known to be likely to cause, to the person giving the consent, or on whose behalf the consent is given. Illustration Causing miscarriage (unless caused in good faith for the purpose of saving the life of the woman) is offence independently of any harm which it may cause or be intended to cause to the woman. Therefore, it is not an offence “by reason of such harm”; and the consent of the woman or of her guardian to the causing of such miscarriage does not justify the act.
The exceptions in sections 25, 26 and 27 do not extend to acts which are offences independently of any harm which they may cause, or be intended to cause, or be known to be likely to cause, to the person giving the consent, or on whose behalf the consent is given.
What changedAI-inferred
IPC 91 and BNS 29 carry the same exclusion rule character-identically: the consent-based exceptions (now BNS 25/26/27, formerly IPC 87/88/89) do not extend to acts which are offences independent of any harm to the consenting person. Miscarriage illustration preserved.
Old position
IPC 91 is concerned with Exclusion of acts which are offences independently of harm caused. Exclusion of acts which are offences independently of harm cause
New position
BNS 29 preserves the framework with drafting modernisations as required by the new code. Topic: Exclusion of acts which are offences independently of harm caused. The exceptions in sections 25, 26 and 27 do not extend to acts which are offences independently of any harm which they may cause, or be intended to cause, or be known to be likely to cause, to the person giving the consent, or on whose
IPC 91 and BNS 29 carry the same exclusion rule character-identically: the consent-based exceptions (now BNS 25/26/27, formerly IPC 87/88/89) do not extend to acts which are offences independent of any harm to the consenting person. Miscarriage illustration preserved.
Editorial deltaAI-indicated (source-linked)
IPC 91 and BNS 29 carry the same exclusion rule character-identically: the consent-based exceptions (now BNS 25/26/27, formerly IPC 87/88/89) do not extend to acts which are offences independent of any harm to the consenting person. Miscarriage illustration preserved.
Transitional note (repeal & savings)
For matters initiated before 1 July 2024, IPC 91 continues to apply. For matters from that date forward, BNS 29 applies. The transition is governed by the repeal-and-savings clause in the new code (BNS 358 / BNSS 531 / BSA 170 as the case may be); pending proceedings under the old code carry forward unaffected.
Frequently asked
BNS 29 (Exclusion of acts which are offences independently of harm caused). The relationship is classified as substantively_same — see the change-note above for the textual delta.
Sources
- India Code — Indian Penal Code, 1860
- Gazette of India — Bharatiya Nyaya Sanhita, 2023
Cite this page
Newlaws.in, IPC §91 → BNS §29 Mapping Page, last updated 2026-05-01, accessed 2026-06-12, https://newlaws.in/ipc/91.
Compiled using AI-assisted tools · Source-linked · Last updated 2026-05-01
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