BSA §9

Not otherwise relevant become.

Substantively sameConfidence: mediumStatus: cross checkedconsolidation context(precautionary)
Last updated 2026-05-01 · Input coverage: full

Compiled by AI-assisted tools. Verify current status against official sources. Last updated: 2026-04-28.

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Comparison

Old law
IEA §10
Things said or done by conspirator in reference to common design

10. Things said or done by conspirator in reference to common design.––Where there is reasonable ground to believe that two or more persons have conspired together to commit an offence or an actionable wrong, anything said, done or written by any one of such persons in reference to their common intention, after the time when such intention was first entertained by any one of them, is a relevant fact as against each of the persons believed to be so conspiring, as well for the purpose of proving the existence of the conspiracy as for the purpose of showing that any such person was a party to it. Illustrations Reasonable ground exists for believing that A has joined in a conspiracy to wage war against the 1[Government of India]. The facts that B procured arms in Europe for the purpose of the conspiracy, C collected money in Calcutta for a like object, D persuaded persons to join the conspiracy in Bombay, E published writings advocating the object in view at Agra, and F transmitted from Delhi to G at Kabul the money which C had collected at Calcutta, and the contents of a letter written by H giving an account of the conspiracy, are each relevant, both to prove the existence of the conspiracy, and to prove A’s complicity in it, although he may have been ignorant of all of them, and although the persons by whom they were done were strangers to him, and although they may have taken place before he joined the conspiracy or after he left it.

New law
BSA §9
Not otherwise relevant become.

9. Facts not otherwise relevant are relevant—

(1) if they are inconsistent with any fact in issue or relevant fact;

(2) if by themselves or in connection with other facts they make the existence or non-existence of any fact in issue or relevant fact highly probable or improbable. Illustrations. (a) The question is, whether A committed a crime at Chennai on a certain day. The fact that, on that day, A was at Ladakh is relevant. The fact that, near the time when the crime was committed, A was at a distance from the place where it was committed, which would render it highly improbable, though not impossible, that he committed it, is relevant. (b) The question is, whether A committed a crime. The circumstances are such that the crime must have been committed either by A, B, C or D. Every fact which shows that the crime could have been committed by no one else, and that it was not committed by either B, C or D, is relevant.

What changedAI-inferred

Things said or done by conspirator in reference to common design.

Old position

IEA 10 is concerned with Things said or done by conspirator in reference to common design. Things said or done by conspirator in reference to common design

New position

BSA 9 preserves the framework with drafting modernisations as required by the new code. Topic: Not otherwise relevant become.. Facts not otherwise relevant are relevant

BSA 9 (Not otherwise relevant become.) preserves the framework of IEA 10. BSA 9 retains the operative provisions in substantively the same form, with drafting modernisation and structural updates as required by the new code. BSA 9 text: Facts not otherwise relevant are relevant—(1) if they are...

Editorial deltaAI-indicated (source-linked)

BSA 9 (Not otherwise relevant become.) preserves the framework of IEA 10. BSA 9 retains the operative provisions in substantively the same form, with drafting modernisation and structural updates as required by the new code.

BSA 9 text: Facts not otherwise relevant are relevant—(1) if they are inconsistent with any fact in issue or relevant fact;(2) if by themselves or in connection with other facts they make the existence or non-existence of any fact in issue or relevant fact highly probable or improbable. Illustrations. (a) The question is, whether...

Transitional note (repeal & savings)

For matters initiated before 1 July 2024, IEA 10 continues to apply. For matters from that date forward, BSA 9 applies. The transition is governed by the repeal-and-savings clause in the new code (BNS 358 / BNSS 531 / BSA 170 as the case may be); pending proceedings under the old code carry forward unaffected.

Frequently asked

BSA 9 (Not otherwise relevant become.). The relationship is classified as substantively_same — see the change-note above for the textual delta.

Sources

Cite this page

Newlaws.in, IEA §10 → BSA §9 Mapping Page, last updated 2026-05-01, accessed 2026-06-15, https://newlaws.in/bsa/9.

Compiled using AI-assisted tools · Source-linked · Last updated 2026-05-01

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