BSA §92
Where any document, purporting or proved to be thirty years old, is.
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90. Presumption as to documents thirty years old. –– Where any document, purporting or proved to be thirty years old, is produced from any custody which the Court in the particular case considers proper, the Court may presume that the signature and every other part of such document, which purports to be in the handwriting of any particular person, is in that person’s handwriting, and, in the case of a document executed or attested, that it was duly executed and attested by the persons by whom it purports to be executed and attested. Explanation.–– Documents are said to be in proper custody if they are in the place in which, and under the care of the person with whom, they would naturally be; but no custody is improper if it is proved to have had a legitimate origin, or if the circumstances of the particular case are such as to render such an origin probable. This explanation applies also to section 81. Illustrations (a) A has been in possession of landed property for a long time. He produces from his custody deeds relating to the land showing his titles to it. The custody is proper. (b) A produces deeds relating to landed property of which he is the mortgagee. The mortgagor is in possession. The custody is proper. 1. Subs. by the A.O. 1937, for “G. of I.” 2. Subs. by Act 3 of 1951, s. 3 and the Schedule, for “in and for that Part B State or country”. 3. Ins. by Act 21 of 2000, s. 92 and the Second Schedule (w.e.f. 17-10-2000). (c) A, a connection of B, produces deeds relating to lands in B’s possession, which were deposited with him by B for safe custody. The custody is proper.
92. Where any document, purporting or proved to be thirty years old, is produced from any custody which the Court in the particular case considers proper, the Court may presume that the signature and every other part of such document, which purports to be in the handwriting of any particular person, is in that person's handwriting, and, in the case of a document executed or attested, that it was duly executed and attested by the persons by whom it purports to be executed and attested. Explanation.—The Explanation to section 80 shall also apply to this section. Illustrations. (a) A has been in possession of landed property for a long time. He produces from his custody deeds relating to the land showing his titles to it. The custody shall be proper. (b) A produces deeds relating to landed property of which he is the mortgagee. The mortgagor is in possession. The custody shall be proper. (c) A, a connection of B, produces deeds relating to lands in B's possession, which were deposited with him by B for safe custody. The custody shall be proper.
What changedAI-inferred
Presumption as to documents thirty years old.
Old position
IEA 90 is concerned with Presumption as to documents thirty years old. Presumption as to documents thirty years old
New position
BSA 95 preserves the framework with drafting modernisations as required by the new code. Topic: Illustrations.. When the terms of any such contract, grant or other disposition of property, or any matter required by law to be reduced to the form of a document, have been proved according to section 94, no evidence of any oral agreement or statement
BSA 95 (Illustrations.) preserves the framework of IEA 90. BSA 95 retains the operative provisions in substantively the same form, with drafting modernisation and structural updates as required by the new code. BSA 95 text: When the terms of any such contract, grant or other disposition of...
Editorial deltaAI-indicated (source-linked)
BSA-92 reproduces the operative content of IEA-90 (Presumption as to documents thirty years old) with text-overlap 0.77 on the supplied bare-act extracts. The original PRS-chart-based pairing (BSA-95) appears to have been a parsing artifact: text-comparison shows that destination has a different topic. The corrected pairing reflects the actual section-content correspondence. Cross-references may need to be remapped per locked doctrine #11.
Transitional note (repeal & savings)
For matters initiated before 1 July 2024, IEA 90 continues to apply. For matters from that date forward, BSA 95 applies. The transition is governed by the repeal-and-savings clause in the new code (BNS 358 / BNSS 531 / BSA 170 as the case may be); pending proceedings under the old code carry forward unaffected.
Frequently asked
BSA 95 (Illustrations.). The relationship is classified as substantively_same — see the change-note above for the textual delta.
Sources
- India Code — Indian Evidence Act, 1872
- Gazette of India — Bharatiya Sakshya Adhiniyam, 2023
Cite this page
Newlaws.in, IEA §90 → BSA §92 Mapping Page, last updated 2026-05-01, accessed 2026-06-15, https://newlaws.in/bsa/92.
Compiled using AI-assisted tools · Source-linked · Last updated 2026-05-01
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