IEA §89 → BSA §91
Presumption as to due execution, etc., of documents not produced
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Comparison
89. Presumption as to due execution, etc., of documents not produced. ––The Court shall presume that every document, called for and not produced after notice to produce, was attested, stamped and executed in the manner required by law.
91. The Court shall presume that every document, called for and not produced after notice to produce, was attested, stamped and executed in the manner required by law.
What changedAI-inferred
Presumption as to due execution, etc., of documents not produced.
Old position
IEA 89 is concerned with Presumption as to due execution, etc., of documents not produced. Presumption as to due execution, etc
New position
BSA 94 preserves the framework with drafting modernisations as required by the new code. Topic: Contracts grants and other dispositions of.. When the terms of a contract, or of a grant, or of any other disposition of property, have been reduced to the form of a document, and in all cases in which any matter is required by law to be reduced to the form of a document, no evidence
BSA 94 (Contracts grants and other dispositions of.) preserves the framework of IEA 89. BSA 94 retains the operative provisions in substantively the same form, with drafting modernisation and structural updates as required by the new code. BSA 94 text: When the terms of a contract, or of a...
Editorial deltaAI-indicated (source-linked)
BSA-91 reproduces the operative content of IEA-89 (Presumption as to due execution, etc., of documents not produced) with text-overlap 0.78 on the supplied bare-act extracts. The original PRS-chart-based pairing (BSA-94) appears to have been a parsing artifact: text-comparison shows that destination has a different topic. The corrected pairing reflects the actual section-content correspondence. Cross-references may need to be remapped per locked doctrine #11.
Transitional note (repeal & savings)
For matters initiated before 1 July 2024, IEA 89 continues to apply. For matters from that date forward, BSA 94 applies. The transition is governed by the repeal-and-savings clause in the new code (BNS 358 / BNSS 531 / BSA 170 as the case may be); pending proceedings under the old code carry forward unaffected.
Frequently asked
BSA 94 (Contracts grants and other dispositions of.). The relationship is classified as substantively_same — see the change-note above for the textual delta.
Sources
- India Code — Indian Evidence Act, 1872
- Gazette of India — Bharatiya Sakshya Adhiniyam, 2023
Cite this page
Newlaws.in, IEA §89 → BSA §91 Mapping Page, last updated 2026-05-01, accessed 2026-06-15, https://newlaws.in/iea/89.
Compiled using AI-assisted tools · Source-linked · Last updated 2026-05-01
Not legal advice. Verify against the bare act and consult a qualified advocate for any specific matter.