IEA §12 → BSA §11
In suits for damages, facts tending to enable Court to determine amount are relevant
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Comparison
12. In suits for damages, facts tending to enable Court to determine amount are relevant. –– In suits in which damages are claimed, any fact which will enable the Court to determine the amount of damages which ought to be awarded, is relevant.
11. Where the question is as to the existence of any right or custom, the following facts are relevant— (a) any transaction by which the right or custom in question was created, claimed, modified, recognised, asserted or denied, or which was inconsistent with its existence; (b) particular instances in which the right or custom was claimed, recognised or exercised, or in which its exercise was disputed, asserted or departed from. Illustration. The question is, whether A has a right to a fishery. A deed conferring the fishery on A's ancestors, a mortgage of the fishery by A's father, a subsequent grant of the fishery by A's father, irreconcilable with the mortgage, particular instances in whichA's father exercised the right, or in which the exercise of the right was stopped by A's neighbours, are relevant facts.
What changedAI-inferred
In suits for damages, facts tending to enable Court to determine amount are relevant.
Old position
IEA 12 is concerned with In suits for damages, facts tending to enable Court to determine amount are relevant. In suits for damages, facts tending to enable Court to determine amount are relevant
New position
BSA 11 preserves the framework with drafting modernisations as required by the new code. Topic: Facts relevant when right or custom is in question.. Where the question is as to the existence of any right or custom, the following facts are relevant
BSA 11 (Facts relevant when right or custom is in question.) preserves the framework of IEA 12. BSA 11 retains the operative provisions in substantively the same form, with drafting modernisation and structural updates as required by the new code. BSA 11 text: Where the question is as to the...
Editorial deltaAI-indicated (source-linked)
BSA 11 (Facts relevant when right or custom is in question.) preserves the framework of IEA 12. BSA 11 retains the operative provisions in substantively the same form, with drafting modernisation and structural updates as required by the new code.
BSA 11 text: Where the question is as to the existence of any right or custom, the following facts are relevant— (a) any transaction by which the right or custom in question was created, claimed, modified, recognised, asserted or denied, or which was inconsistent with its existence; (b) particular instances in which the right or...
Transitional note (repeal & savings)
For matters initiated before 1 July 2024, IEA 12 continues to apply. For matters from that date forward, BSA 11 applies. The transition is governed by the repeal-and-savings clause in the new code (BNS 358 / BNSS 531 / BSA 170 as the case may be); pending proceedings under the old code carry forward unaffected.
Frequently asked
BSA 11 (Facts relevant when right or custom is in question.). The relationship is classified as substantively_same — see the change-note above for the textual delta.
Sources
- India Code — Indian Evidence Act, 1872
- Gazette of India — Bharatiya Sakshya Adhiniyam, 2023
Cite this page
Newlaws.in, IEA §12 → BSA §11 Mapping Page, last updated 2026-05-01, accessed 2026-06-15, https://newlaws.in/iea/12.
Compiled using AI-assisted tools · Source-linked · Last updated 2026-05-01
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