IEA §56 → BSA §52
Fact judicially noticeable need not be proved. 4
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Comparison
56. Fact judicially noticeable need not be proved.––No fact of which the Court will take judicial notice need be proved.
52.
(1) The Court shall take judicial notice of the following facts, namely:— (a) all laws in force in the territory of India including laws having extra-territorial operation; (b) international treaty, agreement or convention with country or countries by India, or decisions made by India at international associations or other bodies; (c) the course of proceeding of the ConstituentAssembly of India, of Parliament of India and of the State Legislatures; (d) the seals of all Courts and Tribunals; (e) the seals of Courts ofAdmiralty and Maritime Jurisdiction, Notaries Public, and all seals which any person is authorised to use by the Constitution, or by an Act of Parliament or State Legislatures, or Regulations having the force of law in India; (f) the accession to office, names, titles, functions, and signatures of the persons filling for the time being any public office in any State, if the fact of their appointment to such office is notified in any Official Gazette; (g) the existence, title and national flag of every country or sovereign recognised by the Government of India; (h) the divisions of time, the geographical divisions of the world, and public festivals, fasts and holidays notified in the Official Gazette; (i) the territory of India; (j) the commencement, continuance and termination of hostilities between the Government of India and any other country or body of persons; (k) the names of the members and officers of the Court and of their deputies and subordinate officers and assistants, and also of all officers acting in execution of its process, and of advocates and other persons authorised by law to appear or act before it; (l) the rule of the road on land or at sea.
(2) In the cases referred to in sub-section
(1) and also on all matters of public history, literature, science or art, the Court may resort for its aid to appropriate books or documents of reference and if the Court is called upon by any person to take judicial notice of any fact, it may refuse to do so unless and until such person produces any such book or document as it may consider necessary to enable it to do so. Character as affecting damages. Fact judicially noticeable need not be proved. Facts of which Court shall take judicial notice.
What changedAI-inferred
Fact judicially noticeable need not be proved.
Old position
IEA 56 is concerned with Fact judicially noticeable need not be proved. 4. Fact judicially noticeable need not be proved
New position
BSA 52 preserves the framework with drafting modernisations as required by the new code. Topic: Facts of which Court shall take judicial notice.. The Court shall take judicial notice of the following facts, namely:
BSA 52 (Facts of which Court shall take judicial notice.) preserves the framework of IEA 56. BSA 52 retains the operative provisions in substantively the same form, with drafting modernisation and structural updates as required by the new code. BSA 52 text: The Court shall take judicial notice...
Editorial deltaAI-indicated (source-linked)
BSA 52 (Facts of which Court shall take judicial notice.) preserves the framework of IEA 56. BSA 52 retains the operative provisions in substantively the same form, with drafting modernisation and structural updates as required by the new code.
BSA 52 text: The Court shall take judicial notice of the following facts, namely:— (a) all laws in force in the territory of India including laws having extra-territorial operation; (b) international treaty, agreement or convention with country or countries by India, or decisions made by India at international associations or...
Transitional note (repeal & savings)
For matters initiated before 1 July 2024, IEA 56 continues to apply. For matters from that date forward, BSA 52 applies. The transition is governed by the repeal-and-savings clause in the new code (BNS 358 / BNSS 531 / BSA 170 as the case may be); pending proceedings under the old code carry forward unaffected.
Frequently asked
BSA 52 (Facts of which Court shall take judicial notice.). The relationship is classified as substantively_same — see the change-note above for the textual delta.
Sources
- India Code — Indian Evidence Act, 1872
- Gazette of India — Bharatiya Sakshya Adhiniyam, 2023
Cite this page
Newlaws.in, IEA §56 → BSA §52 Mapping Page, last updated 2026-05-01, accessed 2026-06-15, https://newlaws.in/iea/56.
Compiled using AI-assisted tools · Source-linked · Last updated 2026-05-01
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