IEA §57 → BSA §53
Facts of which Court must take judicial notice
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57. Facts of which Court must take judicial notice.––The Court shall take judicial notice of the following facts: –– 5[(1) All laws in force in the territory of India;] 1. Ins. by Act 13 of 2013, s. 25 (w.e.f. 3-2-2013) 2. Subs. by Act 22 of 2018, s. 8, for “section 376A, section 376B, section 376C, section 376D” (w.e.f. 21-4-2018). 3. Subs. by Act 3 of 1891, s. 6 for “section 54”. 4. Ins. by s. 7, ibid. 5. Subs. by the A. O. 1950, for “the clause (1)”.
(2) All public Acts passed or hereafter to be passed by Parliament 1[of the United Kingdom], and all local and personal Acts directed by Parliament 1[of the United Kingdom] to be judicially noticed;
(3) Articles of War for 2[the Indian] Army 3[Navy or Air Force] 4[(4) The course of proceeding of Parliament of the United Kingdom, of the Constituent Assembly of India, of Parliament and of the legislatures established under any laws for the time being in force in a Province or in the States]
(5) The accession and the sign manual of the Sovereign for the time being of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland;
(6) All seals of which English Courts take judicial notice: the seals of all the 5[Courts in 6[India]] and of all Courts out of 6[India] established by the authority of 7[the Central Government or the Crown Representative]; the seals of Courts of Admiralty and Maritime Jurisdiction and of Notaries Public, and all seals which any person is authorised to use by 8[the Constitution or an Act of Parliament of the United Kingdom or an] Act or Regulation having the force of law in 6[India];
(7) The accession to office, names, titles, functions, and signatures of the persons filling for the time being any public office in any State, if the fact of their appointment to such office is notified in 9[any Official Gazette];
(8) The existence, title and national flag of every State or Sovereign recognised by 10[the Government of India];
(9) The divisions of time, the geographical divisions of the world, and public festivals, fasts and holidays notified in the Official Gazette;
(10) The territories under the dominion of 10[the Government of India];
(11) The commencement, continuance and termination of hostilities between 10[the Government of India] and any other State or body of persons;
(12) The names of the members and officers of the Court, and of their deputies and subordinate officers and assistants, and also of all officers acting in execution of its process, and of all advocates, attorneys, proctors, vakils, pleaders and other persons authorised by law to appear or act before it;
(13) The rule of the road 11[on land or at sea]. In all these cases and also on all matters of public history, literature, science or art, the Court may resort for its aid to appropriate books or documents of reference. If the Court is called upon by any person to take judicial notice of any fact, it may refuse to do so unless and until such person produces any such book or document as it may consider necessary to enable it to do so. 1. Subs. by the A.O. 1950, for “the clause (2)”. 2. Subs. ibid., for “her Majesty’s”. 3. Subs. by Act 10 of 1927, s. 2 and the First Schedule, for “or Navy”. 4. Subs. by the A.O. 1950, for the Former para. (4). 5. Subs. by the A.O. 1948, for “Courts of British India”. 6. Subs. by Act 3 of 1951, s. 3 and the Schedule, for “the States”. 7. Subs. by the A.O. 1937, for “the G.G. or any L.G. in Council”. 8. Subs. by the A.O. 1950, for “any Act of Parliament or other”. 9. Subs. by the A.O. 1937, for “the Gazette of India or in the Official Gazette of any L.G.”. 10. Subs. by the A.O. 1950, for “the British Crown”. 11. Ins. by Act 18 of 1872, s. 5.
53. No fact needs to be proved in any proceeding which the parties thereto or their agents agree to admit at the hearing, or which, before the hearing, they agree to admit by any writing under their hands, or which by any rule of pleading in force at the time they are deemed to have admitted by their pleadings: Provided that the Court may, in its discretion, require the facts admitted to be proved otherwise than by such admissions. CHAPTER IV OF ORAL EVIDENCE
What changedAI-inferred
Facts of which Court must take judicial notice.
Old position
IEA 57 is concerned with Facts of which Court must take judicial notice. Facts of which Court must take judicial notice
New position
BSA 53 preserves the framework with drafting modernisations as required by the new code. Topic: No fact needs to be proved in any proceeding which the parties.. No fact needs to be proved in any proceeding which the parties thereto or their agents agree to admit at the hearing, or which, before the hearing, they agree to admit by any writing under their hands, or which by any rule of pleading in
BSA 53 (No fact needs to be proved in any proceeding which the parties.) preserves the framework of IEA 57. BSA 53 retains the operative provisions in substantively the same form, with drafting modernisation and structural updates as required by the new code. BSA 53 text: No fact needs to be...
Editorial deltaAI-indicated (source-linked)
BSA 53 (No fact needs to be proved in any proceeding which the parties.) preserves the framework of IEA 57. BSA 53 retains the operative provisions in substantively the same form, with drafting modernisation and structural updates as required by the new code.
BSA 53 text: No fact needs to be proved in any proceeding which the parties thereto or their agents agree to admit at the hearing, or which, before the hearing, they agree to admit by any writing under their hands, or which by any rule of pleading in force at the time they are deemed to have admitted by their pleadings: Provided...
Transitional note (repeal & savings)
For matters initiated before 1 July 2024, IEA 57 continues to apply. For matters from that date forward, BSA 53 applies. The transition is governed by the repeal-and-savings clause in the new code (BNS 358 / BNSS 531 / BSA 170 as the case may be); pending proceedings under the old code carry forward unaffected.
Frequently asked
BSA 53 (No fact needs to be proved in any proceeding which the parties.). The relationship is classified as substantively_same — see the change-note above for the textual delta.
Sources
- India Code — Indian Evidence Act, 1872
- Gazette of India — Bharatiya Sakshya Adhiniyam, 2023
Cite this page
Newlaws.in, IEA §57 → BSA §53 Mapping Page, last updated 2026-05-01, accessed 2026-06-15, https://newlaws.in/iea/57.
Compiled using AI-assisted tools · Source-linked · Last updated 2026-05-01
Not legal advice. Verify against the bare act and consult a qualified advocate for any specific matter.