IEA §64 → BSA §59
Proof of documents by primary evidence
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Comparison
64. Proof of documents by primary evidence.––Documents must be proved by primary evidence except in the cases hereinafter mentioned.
59. Documents shall be proved by primary evidence except in the cases hereinafter mentioned. Secondary evidence. Proof of documents by primary evidence.
What changedAI-inferred
Proof of documents by primary evidence.
Old position
IEA 64 is concerned with Proof of documents by primary evidence. Proof of documents by primary evidence
New position
BSA 59 preserves the framework with drafting modernisations as required by the new code. Topic: Proof of documents by primary evidence.. Documents shall be proved by primary evidence except in the cases hereinafter mentioned
BSA 59 (Proof of documents by primary evidence.) preserves the framework of IEA 64. BSA 59 retains the operative provisions in substantively the same form, with drafting modernisation and structural updates as required by the new code. BSA 59 text: Documents shall be proved by primary evidence...
Editorial deltaAI-indicated (source-linked)
BSA 59 (Proof of documents by primary evidence.) preserves the framework of IEA 64. BSA 59 retains the operative provisions in substantively the same form, with drafting modernisation and structural updates as required by the new code.
BSA 59 text: Documents shall be proved by primary evidence except in the cases hereinafter mentioned. Secondary evidence. Proof of documents by primary evidence.
Transitional note (repeal & savings)
For matters initiated before 1 July 2024, IEA 64 continues to apply. For matters from that date forward, BSA 59 applies. The transition is governed by the repeal-and-savings clause in the new code (BNS 358 / BNSS 531 / BSA 170 as the case may be); pending proceedings under the old code carry forward unaffected.
Frequently asked
BSA 59 (Proof of documents by primary evidence.). The relationship is classified as substantively_same — see the change-note above for the textual delta.
Sources
- India Code — Indian Evidence Act, 1872
- Gazette of India — Bharatiya Sakshya Adhiniyam, 2023
Cite this page
Newlaws.in, IEA §64 → BSA §59 Mapping Page, last updated 2026-05-01, accessed 2026-06-14, https://newlaws.in/iea/64.
Compiled using AI-assisted tools · Source-linked · Last updated 2026-05-01
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