BSA §45
Whenever the opinion of any living person is relevant, the grounds on.
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Comparison
51. Grounds of opinion, when relevant.––Whenever the opinion of any living person is relevant, the grounds on which such opinion is based are also relevant. Illustration An expert may give an account of experiments performed by him for the purpose of forming his opinion. CHARACTER WHEN RELEVANT
45. Whenever the opinion of any living person is relevant, the grounds on which such opinion is based are also relevant. Illustration. An expert may give an account of experiments performed by him for the purpose of forming his opinion. Character when relevant
What changedAI-inferred
Grounds of opinion when relevant.
Old position
IEA 51 is concerned with Grounds of opinion, when relevant. CHARACTER WHEN RELEVANT. Grounds of opinion, when relevant
New position
BSA 45 preserves the framework with drafting modernisations as required by the new code. Topic: Whenever the opinion of any living person is relevant, the grounds on.. Whenever the opinion of any living person is relevant, the grounds on which such opinion is based are also relevant
BSA 45 (Whenever the opinion of any living person is relevant, the grounds on.) preserves the framework of IEA 51. BSA 45 retains the operative provisions in substantively the same form, with drafting modernisation and structural updates as required by the new code. BSA 45 text: Whenever the...
Editorial deltaAI-indicated (source-linked)
BSA 45 (Whenever the opinion of any living person is relevant, the grounds on.) preserves the framework of IEA 51. BSA 45 retains the operative provisions in substantively the same form, with drafting modernisation and structural updates as required by the new code.
BSA 45 text: Whenever the opinion of any living person is relevant, the grounds on which such opinion is based are also relevant. Illustration. An expert may give an account of experiments performed by him for the purpose of forming his opinion. Character when relevant
Transitional note (repeal & savings)
For matters initiated before 1 July 2024, IEA 51 continues to apply. For matters from that date forward, BSA 45 applies. The transition is governed by the repeal-and-savings clause in the new code (BNS 358 / BNSS 531 / BSA 170 as the case may be); pending proceedings under the old code carry forward unaffected.
Frequently asked
BSA 45 (Whenever the opinion of any living person is relevant, the grounds on.). The relationship is classified as substantively_same — see the change-note above for the textual delta.
Sources
- India Code — Indian Evidence Act, 1872
- Gazette of India — Bharatiya Sakshya Adhiniyam, 2023
Cite this page
Newlaws.in, IEA §51 → BSA §45 Mapping Page, last updated 2026-05-01, accessed 2026-06-15, https://newlaws.in/bsa/45.
Compiled using AI-assisted tools · Source-linked · Last updated 2026-05-01
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