BSA §68
If no such attesting witness can be found, it must be proved.
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69. Proof where no attesting witness found.––If no such attesting witness can be found, or if the document purports to have been executed in the United Kingdom, it must be proved that the attestation of one attesting witness at least is in his handwriting, and that the signature of the person executing the document is in the hand writing of that person.
68. If no such attesting witness can be found, it must be proved that the attestation of one attesting witness at least is in his handwriting, and that the signature of the person executing the document is in the handwriting of that person. Rules as to notice to produce. Proof of signature and handwriting of person alleged to have signed or written document produced. Proof as to electronic signature. Proof of execution of document required by law to be attested. Proof where no attesting witness found.
What changedAI-inferred
Proof where no attesting witness found.
Old position
IEA 69 is concerned with Proof where no attesting witness found. Proof where no attesting witness found
New position
BSA 68 preserves the framework with drafting modernisations as required by the new code. Topic: If no such attesting witness can be found, it must be proved.. If no such attesting witness can be found, it must be proved that the attestation of one attesting witness at least is in his handwriting, and that the signature of the person executing the document is in the handwriting of that person
BSA 68 (If no such attesting witness can be found, it must be proved.) preserves the framework of IEA 69. BSA 68 retains the operative provisions in substantively the same form, with drafting modernisation and structural updates as required by the new code. BSA 68 text: If no such attesting...
Editorial deltaAI-indicated (source-linked)
BSA 68 (If no such attesting witness can be found, it must be proved.) preserves the framework of IEA 69. BSA 68 retains the operative provisions in substantively the same form, with drafting modernisation and structural updates as required by the new code.
BSA 68 text: If no such attesting witness can be found, it must be proved that the attestation of one attesting witness at least is in his handwriting, and that the signature of the person executing the document is in the handwriting of that person. Rules as to notice to produce. Proof of signature and handwriting of person...
Transitional note (repeal & savings)
For matters initiated before 1 July 2024, IEA 69 continues to apply. For matters from that date forward, BSA 68 applies. The transition is governed by the repeal-and-savings clause in the new code (BNS 358 / BNSS 531 / BSA 170 as the case may be); pending proceedings under the old code carry forward unaffected.
Frequently asked
BSA 68 (If no such attesting witness can be found, it must be proved.). The relationship is classified as substantively_same — see the change-note above for the textual delta.
Sources
- India Code — Indian Evidence Act, 1872
- Gazette of India — Bharatiya Sakshya Adhiniyam, 2023
Cite this page
Newlaws.in, IEA §69 → BSA §68 Mapping Page, last updated 2026-05-01, accessed 2026-06-15, https://newlaws.in/bsa/68.
Compiled using AI-assisted tools · Source-linked · Last updated 2026-05-01
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