BNSS §312
In every case where evidence is taken down under section 310 or.
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277. Language of record of evidence.—In every case where evidence is taken down under section 275 or 276,— (a) if the witness gives evidence in the language of the Court, it shall be taken down in that language; (b) if he gives evidence in any other language, it may, if practicable, be taken down in that language, and if it is not practicable to do so, a true translation of the evidence in the language of the Court shall be prepared as the examination of the witness proceeds, signed by the Magistrate or presiding Judge, and shall form part of the record; (c) where under clause (b) evidence is taken down in a language other than the language of the Court, a true translation thereof in the language of the Court shall be prepared as soon as practicable, signed by the Magistrate or presiding Judge, and shall form part of the record: Provided that when under clause (b) evidence is taken down in English and a translation thereof in the language of the Court is not required by any of the parties, the Court may dispense with such translation.
312. In every case where evidence is taken down under section 310 or section 311,— (a) if the witness gives evidence in the language of the Court, it shall be taken down in that language; (b) if he gives evidence in any other language, it may, if practicable, be taken down in that language, and if it is not practicable to do so, a true translation of the evidence in the language of the Court shall be prepared as the examination of the witness proceeds, signed by the Magistrate or presiding Judge, and shall form part of the record; (c) where under clause (b) evidence is taken down in a language other than the language of the Court, a true translation thereof in the language of the Court shall be prepared as soon as practicable, signed by the Magistrate or presiding Judge, and shall form part of the record: Provided that when under clause (b) evidence is taken down in English and a translation thereof in the language of the Court is not required by any of the parties, the Court may dispense with such translation.
What changedAI-inferred
Language of record of evidence.
Old position
CrPC 277 is concerned with Language of record of evidence. Language of record of evidence
New position
BNSS 312 preserves the framework with drafting modernisations as required by the new code. Topic: In every case where evidence is taken down under section 310 or.. In every case where evidence is taken down under section 310 or section 311,
BNSS 312 (In every case where evidence is taken down under section 310 or.) preserves the framework of CrPC 277. BNSS 312 retains the operative provisions in substantively the same form, with drafting modernisation and structural updates as required by the new code. BNSS 312 text: In every case...
Editorial deltaAI-indicated (source-linked)
BNSS 312 (In every case where evidence is taken down under section 310 or.) preserves the framework of CrPC 277. BNSS 312 retains the operative provisions in substantively the same form, with drafting modernisation and structural updates as required by the new code.
BNSS 312 text: In every case where evidence is taken down under section 310 or section 311,— (a) if the witness gives evidence in the language of the Court, it shall be taken down in that language; (b) if he gives evidence in any other language, it may, if practicable, be taken down in that language, and if it is not practicable to...
Transitional note (repeal & savings)
For matters initiated before 1 July 2024, CrPC 277 continues to apply. For matters from that date forward, BNSS 312 applies. The transition is governed by the repeal-and-savings clause in the new code (BNS 358 / BNSS 531 / BSA 170 as the case may be); pending proceedings under the old code carry forward unaffected.
Frequently asked
BNSS 312 (In every case where evidence is taken down under section 310 or.). The relationship is classified as substantively_same — see the change-note above for the textual delta.
Sources
- India Code — Code of Criminal Procedure, 1973
- Gazette of India — Bharatiya Nagarik Suraksha Sanhita, 2023
Cite this page
Newlaws.in, CRPC §277 → BNSS §312 Mapping Page, last updated 2026-05-01, accessed 2026-06-14, https://newlaws.in/bnss/312.
Compiled using AI-assisted tools · Source-linked · Last updated 2026-05-01
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